What can serve as ice nuclei, and what are the important physical properties relevant to ice nuclei and ice formation in the atmosphere?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: An ice nucleus must have a six-sided structure that mimics the alignment of molecules in an ice crystal. A material's ability to act as an ice nucleus is temperature dependent, and no materials are effective ice nuclei at temperatures above -4 °C. Among the materials that serve as ice nuclei are components of natural soils called clays.
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You have been hired by a rapidly growing small city to improve the air quality, which has deteriorated in the past 10 years. What would be a logical action to take?
A) decrease the amount of CFCs used locally B) remove the hydroelectric dam on the nearby river C) improve transportation options, including carpool lanes, buses, and light rail D) move or close the cattle feedlots located along the nearby river E) try to negotiate with the large city downwind whose factories produce large amounts of pollution
If you live in a part of West Africa and advise your neighbors to cover their beds with a tent of fine-mesh cloth being provided by a local medical agency, you are advising them to use
A) a bed net for mosquito vector control. B) antibiotic-treated white sheets to kill the parasite that causes malaria. C) a bed raised off the ground to prevent malarial infection by ticks. D) a DDT-treated tent and sheets strategy that kills the parasite that causes malaria.
Although it is difficult to get a precise number of active volcanoes, a common estimate is about ____
A)100 B)250 C)550 D)1100 E)2000
Within Earth's mantle, convection cells move lithospheric plates toward ____ and away from ____
a. spreading centers; subduction zones b. subduction zones; spreading centers c. subduction zones; continental crust d. spreading centers; hot spots e. hot spots; spreading centers