Explain the social cognitive theory of moral development and distinguish between moral competence and moral performance.
What will be an ideal response?
The social cognitive theory of moral development emphasizes a distinction between adolescents' moral competence, their ability to produce moral behaviors, and moral performance, which is the enactment of those behaviors in specific situations. Competence is the outgrowth of cognitive-sensory processes.
Competencies include what adolescents are capable of doing, what they know, their skills, their awareness of moral rules and regulations, and their cognitive ability to construct behaviors. In contrast, adolescents' moral performance or behavior is determined by their motivation and by rewards and incentives to act in a moral way.
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A method for finding the minimum number of dimensions to account for a large number of variables is called a. correlational analysis. b. multiple regression
c. factor analysis. d. analysis of variance.
Suppose that you meet a professor who is trying to determine what portions of the brain are involved in trying to recall a word that is on the tip of your tongue. This person is likely to use the approach of
a. artificial intelligence. b. cognitive neuroscience. c. gestalt psychology d. behaviorism.
Which of the following is NOT true of psychological theories?
a. Theories make assumptions about behavior. b. Theories explain behavior and mental processes. c. Theories are used to make predictions. d. Theories are always discarded as new observations are made.
Dr. Humboldt adheres to the quantitative, statistical approach to clinical judgment and interpretation. Furthermore, he knows that there is a strong association between childhood sexual abuse and borderline personality disorder. Which of the following is a safe assumption for Dr. Humboldt to make?
a. If Patient A reports a history of sexual abuse during childhood, then he or she is guaranteed to have borderline personality disorder. b. If Patient A reports a history of sexual abuse during childhood, then there is a 75% chance that he or she has borderline personality disorder. c. If Patient A reports a history of sexual abuse during childhood, then there is an increased probability that he or she has borderline personality disorder, relative to patients without that history. d. If Patient A reports a history of sexual abuse during childhood, then he or she is more likely than not to have borderline personality disorder.