"I work really hard on my math," Mike, a middle school student, comments. "I know that math courses in high school are tough, so the better I understand it now, the better I'll understand it when I get to the tough classes." Using learners' beliefs as a basis, which of the following best explains why Mike is motivated to study math?
a. Doing well in math will be reinforcing for him, since reinforcers increase behavior.
b. Doing well in math will help him develop his sense of self-worth need, since it will suggest he has high ability in math.
c. Doing well in math has high utility value for him, since he sees it as useful for meeting future goals.
d. Doing well in math will help him meet his need for self-determination, because it will give him a feeling of autonomy.
c
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