Constructivism is best understood as a philosophical approach that:
a. assumes there is no objective reality beyond that which is constructed by individuals.
b. is similar to positivism or empiricism insofar as it regards some knowledge as independent of the knower.
c. asserts that we discover reality through particular attention to our sensory experiences.
d. attempts to identify extralinguistic reality or the fixed language of established meanings in any sociocultural context.
A
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Dropout rates for students with emotional/behavior disabilities has shown to be:
A. lower than that of the general education students. B. considerably higher than that of the general education students. C. of equal success/failure rate of general education students. D. proven unreliable due to lack of case studies as of this time.
Which of the following IS NOT a general guideline for Adlerian counselors offering interpretation of the purpose of a client's symptoms:
a. The interpretation should avoid globally labeling the person b. The overall tone of the interpretation process should be encouraging c. The interpretation should be offered as an unquestionable truth d. The interpretation should focus on the goal or purpose of a behavior
Young children who suffer from PTSD are likely to
a. continuously reenact the event through play. b. immediately become very passive. c. become suicidal. d. have symptoms much like those of adults, but of briefer duration.
The ages of 18-25 can result in two very different Career Diamonds. They can be described as:
a. A single vision Diamond and a double vision Diamond. b. An open and permeable Diamond with self-exploration, training, and experience as a focus, and a Closing Diamond with the external dominating. c. A truncated Diamond with the goal of being cared for (avoiding work) and an open Diamond where the individual is taking responsibility for the self. d. A broad Diamond with multiple training experiences and a flat Diamond with anxious decision making. e. None of the above