During a mumps outbreak at a local school, a patient, who is a school teacher, is exposed. She has previously been immunized for mumps. What type of immunity does she possess?
A) Acquired immunity
B) Natural immunity
C) Phagocytic immunity
D) Humoral immunity
Ans: A
Feedback: Acquired immunity usually develops as a result of prior exposure to an antigen through immunization. When the body is attacked by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens it has three means of defense. The first line of defense, the phagocytic immune response, involves the WBCs that have the ability to ingest foreign particles. A second protective response is the humoral immune response, which begeins when the B lymphocytes transform themselves into plasma cells that manufacture antibodies. The natural immune response system is rapid nonspecific immunity present at birth.
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A 79-year-old white male tells a nurse, "I have felt very sad lately. I do not have much to live for. My family and friends are all dead, and my own health is failing.". The nurse should analyze this comment as:
a. normal pessimism of the elderly. b. evidence of suicide risk. c. a cry for sympathy. d. normal grieving.
The activity factor used to estimate energy requirements for patients prescribed bed rest is
a. 1.1. b. 1.2. c. 1.3. d. 1.5.
A population needs assessment focuses on characteristics of a specific population, their health needs, and the resources available to address those needs. An example of this is:
1. A health status report indicates many people are not using the health department because of long waits. 2. The WHO encourages all travelers to be up to date on the immunizations of the country they are going to. 3. A nurse wishes to initiate a health education program for older adults with di-abetes, so the health status of this group is assessed. 4. Agencies use a television advertisement to encourage healthy eating by the community citizens.
Since 1993, the following change in the clinical testing of new drugs has been made:
A. No woman can serve as a subject on the grounds that she might be pregnant 3 during testing. B. The ban on women participating in clinical trials has been lifted. C. It is illegal to consider racial or ethnic information in the testing of new drugs. D. Elderly patients are specifically barred from participating, on the grounds that unknown factors might produce adverse side effects.