According to Freud, what is the purpose of anxiety?
What will be an ideal response?
ANS: Anxiety serves as a warning to the person that something is amiss within the personality. Anxiety induces tension in the organism and thus becomes a drive that the individual is motivated to satisfy. The tension must be reduced. Anxiety alerts the individual that the ego is being threatened and that unless action is taken, the ego might be overthrown.
How can the ego protect or defend itself? There are a number of options: running away from the threatening situation, inhibiting the impulsive need that is the source of the danger, or obeying the dictates of the conscience. If none of these rational techniques works, the person may resort to defense mechanisms—the nonrational strategies designed to defend the ego.
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The basic learning principle(s) used in social skills training is
a. counterconditioning and extinction. b. operant conditioning and observational learning. c. positive reinforcement and negative punishment. d. operant conditioning.
Which MMPI scale was designed to detect individuals with psychopathology who produce "normal" MMPI patterns because of defensiveness?
a. L scale b. K scale c. F scale d. 0 scale
After participants have been deliberately deceived in an experiment, ethical standards require that they be ____
a. compensated b. debriefed c. allowed to withdraw consent d. permitted to confront the experimenter
For the school of Gestalt psychology, "form" was ____
a. ?something that existed outside of sensation b. ?a creation of the mind c. ?dependent on the elements d. ?an artificial abstraction e. ?All of the choices are correct.