A friend heard somebody say, "If you are overweight, you are likely to smoke." This friend interprets this statement as, "If you smoke, then you are likely to be overweight." What kind of error is apparent in this example?
a) inappropriate interpretation of an if-then statement as biconditional
b) belief-bias effect
c) attempts at confirming an hypothesis
d) denying the antecedent
Answer: a
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