An example of the limitations of the plain-meaning-of-the-text theory is
A) that no two judges interpretations of the history and the Constitution are alike.
B) that ascertaining the goals of the writers and those who ratified the Constitution is based on speculation.
C) that it reduces constitutional interpretation to the judge's personal understanding of the meaning of American history.
D) the ambiguous language in the Constitution that its drafters added in order to win ratification.
E) that it requires extensive inquiry into debates undertaken in the distant past.
D
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In Texas, nearly all judges are chosen by a
A) legislative committee. B) partisan election. C) nonpartisan election. D) nominations council.
One important reason the textbook gives for the fall of the Soviet Union is
A) a baby boom in the Soviet Union brought a new generation to power. B) a collapse in the international oil market crippled the Soviet Union's main source of income. C) negotiations in the United Nations Security Council convinced the Soviet Union to democratize. D) the Soviet economy collapsed under the burden of military spending. E) the United States successfully defeated the Soviet armies in combat in the 1980s.
Throughout American politics, third parties have
a. been a major force in government. b. dominated campaign debates. c. been banned in most states. d. never sustained a challenge to the two-party system. e. made up a significant portion of congressional and presidential candidates.
When a journalist is given inside information by a government official it is called a __________
a. spin b. cushion c. leak d. spillover