Which of the following is not one of the criteria required for criminal punishment?
a. The penalty inflicts pain or unpleasant consequences
b. The penalty inflicts pain that is perceived by the public to be appropriate.
c. The penalty is administered intentionally.
d. The penalty inflicts enough pain so the offender experiences the full extent of society's disapproval.
Ans: d. The penalty inflicts enough pain so the offender experiences the full extent of society's disapproval.
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The area of the brain that is primarily responsible for emotions, motivations, and emotional association with memory is the _________ system
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
_________ is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon, and it includes within its scope the process of making laws, of breaking laws, and of reacting toward the breaking of laws.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The growing number of institutions in most state prison systems has enhanced the trend toward ______ in corrections.
a. vocationalism b. vigilantism c. education d. professionalization
__________ advocates see themselves as protectors of civil rights
a. Crime control c. Due process b. Equal justice d. Nonintervention