Of all factors, what is the most important risk factor in pulmonary disease?
A) Air pollution from vehicles
B) Dangerous chemicals in the workplace
C) Active and passive cigarette smoke
D) Loss of the ozone layer of the atmosphere
Ans: C
The effects of both active and passive cigarette smoke increase airway resistance, reduce ciliary action, increase mucus production, and thicken alveolar-capillary membranes and bronchial walls. Cigarette smoke is the most important risk factor in pulmonary disease.
You might also like to view...
The nurse is monitoring a client in the active stage of labor. Which conditions associated with fetal compromise should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)
a. Maternal hypotension b. Fetal heart rate of 140 to 150 bpm c. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid d. Maternal fever—38° C (100.4° F) or higher e. Complete uterine relaxation of more than 30 seconds between contractions
Which activities related to urinary elimination may be delegated to a nursing assistant?
a. Catheterization b. Positioning the patient c. Evaluating alternatives to catheter use d. Assessing urinary drainage
Which best describes the overall results of Stogdill's second survey when compared with his
initial survey? a. There was little to no difference in the findings. b. Situational factors became less of a focus. c. It was more balanced in its descriptions of the role of traits and leadership. d. Personality played a larger role in leadership.
A client, age 40, is admitted for a surgical biopsy of a suspicious lump in her left breast. When the nurse comes to take her to surgery, she is tearfully finishing a letter to her two children. She tells the nurse, "I want to leave this for my children in case anything goes wrong today." Which response by the nurse would be most therapeutic?
A. "In case anything goes wrong? What are your thoughts and feelings right now?" B. "I can understand that you're nervous, but this really is a minor procedure. You'll be back in your room before you know it." C. "Try to take a few deep breaths and relax. I have some medication that will help." D. "I'm sure your children know how much you love them. You'll be able to talk to them on the phone in a few hours."