Upon examination of a child, an innocent systolic murmur is heard at the second intercostal space left sternal border. This is usually due to:
A. Atrial septal defect
B. Patent foramen ovale
C. Low flow velocity
D. High flow turbulence
ANS: D
An innocent murmur is a type of systolic murmur that results from turbulent blood flow and is not associated with heart disease. Innocent murmurs occur commonly in children and young adults and reflect the contractile force of the heart, resulting in greater velocity of flow during early systole. They are heard best in the second and third left interspaces along the left sternal border or at the apex.
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MC After working many years as a community nurse, the nurse seeks appointment to a statewide board that is in charge of developing strategies to improve health outcomes in the state. This role is best described as
A. Citizen. B. Politician. C. Activist. D. Researcher.