Present three techniques used by medical personnel to assess fetal development. How is each

Question

technique performed? Describe when in prenatal development each test is employed and what
information it can produce.

What risk does each one present to the developing fetus?
What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

1. amniocentesis - A syringe or needle is employedto obtain a sample of amniotic fluid. Conducted
between 14 – 16 weeks; useful in detecting genetic and chromosomal disorders such as Down
syndrome; may increase risk of miscarriage.
2. ultrasonography (ultrasound) - sound waves are employed to rebound from internal structures; can
begin in second trimester; diagnosis of sex; growth and structural abnormalities; done routinely;
minimal risk.
3. Chorionic villus sampling - removal of some cells from the placenta; early in pregnancy ( 8th –
11th week); diagnosis of embryonic defects and chromosomal disorders; risk of miscarriage and fetal
injury.
4. alpha-fetoprotein test - maternal blood test; 14 – 20 weeks; brain and spinal cord abnormalities;
later in development so risk is less.
5. fetoscopy – camera is inserted into the womb; fetal development; blood samples from umbilical
cord; diagnosis of genetic and chromosomal disorders; fetal organ functioning; second trimester.