The most effective way to kill an endospore is to 

A. dry it (dehydration).
B. freeze it (-10°C).
C. crush it.
D. heat it (125°C).


D. heat it (125°C).

Biology & Microbiology

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______ is the observable response of organisms to external or internal stimuli.

A. Ecology B. Behavioral ecology C. Behavior D. Pheromonal mediation E. Allomonal mediation

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Cytotoxic T cells target

A) cancer cells and virally infected cells. B) skin cells and blood cells. C) bacterial cells and fungal cells. D) B cells and macrophages.

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Animals that are hermaphroditic usually

a. fertilize their own eggs. b. cross-fertilize. c. donate eggs to other individuals. d. cannot reproduce sexually. e. fit all of these descriptions.

Biology & Microbiology

The key specializations that occurred in the evolution of mammals include all of the following except

A. digestive tract specialization. B. different teeth suited to their diet. C. warm-bloodedness. D. reduction in brain size. E. the presence of a placenta in most.

Biology & Microbiology