The nurse is caring for a patient who begins to complain of shortness of breath. The nurse assesses the patient and notes 3+ pitting edema bilaterally in the lower extremities. Which medication taken by the patient causes the most concern?
a. Epoetin alfa
b. Filgrastim (granulocyte colony–stimulating factor)
c. Oprelvekin (interleukin-11)
d. Sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating factor)
ANS: C
Oprelvekin causes the kidneys to retain sodium and water, which causes peripheral edema and expansion of plasma volume. Some patients experience dyspnea. Fluid retention is not an adverse effect of epoetin alfa, filgrastim, or sargramostim.
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