The nurse has assessed that prolonged and unrelieved pain will:
1. release endorphins.
2. lower the pain threshold.
3. stimulate gate control.
4. lower the blood pressure.
2
Pain that is unrelieved lowers the pain threshold, because the patient becomes anxious that the pain may not ever be relieved. The blood pressure increases and the effects of endor-phins and gate control have been exhausted.
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A physician is explaining to a group of medical students the concept of Virchow triad as it applies to venous thrombosis
Which of the following clinical observations of a 50-year-old male client is most likely unrelated to a component of Virchow triad? A) The man has decreased cardiac output and an ejection fraction of 30%. B) The man's prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (INR) are both low. C) The man has a previous history of a dissecting aneurysm. D) There is bilateral, brown pigmentation of his lower legs.
The nurse is explaining to a nursing student that allograft transplant clients need some form of immunosuppressant therapy. Which statement describes the pathophysiological reasoning behind this?
1. The treatment is indicated only if signs of transplant rejection are present. 2. The treatment is a precaution; rejection in allografts seldom occurs. 3. The treatment is designed to target chronic rejection, which does not occur for several weeks. 4. Despite accurate tissue matching, allografts contain antigens that trigger the client's immune response.
Which goal is priority when the nurse is caring for a middle-aged adult?
a. Maintain immediate family relationships. b. Maintain future generation relationships. c. Maintain personal career relationships. d. Maintain work relationships.
The nurse is caring for an older-adult patient and notes that the temperature is 96.8° F (36° C). How will the nurse interpret this finding?
a. The patient has hyperthermia. b. The patient has a normal temperature. c. The patient is suffering from hypothermia. d. The patient is demonstrating increased metabolism.