Identify four goals of punishment and explain their justifications
What will be an ideal response?
Deterrence: By observing the punishment dished out to convicted criminals, would-be offenders can see that the "pains of punishment" outweigh the potential benefits of criminal behavior; the perception of future punishments deters crime. Specific deterrence: Experiencing harsh criminal punishments should convince convicted offenders that crime does not pay and recidivism is not in their best interest; the "pains of punishment" should inhibit future law violations. Incapacitation: Seeks to reduce or eliminate an offender's opportunity to commit future crimes; involves anticipating behavior patterns. Rehabilitation: Purpose is to reduce future criminality by treating and eliminating the underlying causes of crime; also involves predicting future behavior. Diversion: Aimed at sparing nondangerous offenders from the stigma and labeling of a criminal conviction and involvement with the justice process. Retribution: Criminals deserve to be punished for their criminal acts; if the state did not punish people for their misconduct (retribution), victims would be encouraged to seek personal vengeance for their loss (revenge), creating a chaotic society. Equity/restitution: Demand that criminals reimburse society for its loss caused by their crimes. Restoration: Advocates suggest a policy based on restoring the damage caused by crime and creating a system of justice that includes all the parties harmed by the criminal act: the victim, the offender, the community, and society.
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With regard to inmates with mental health problems:
A. Prisons experience higher percentages than jails. B. Jails experience higher percentages than prisons. C. Prisons and jails experience comparable numbers. D. Prisons experience higher percentages for males; jails experience a higher number for females.
Which of the following is the best form of documenting an interview?
A. Electronic sound recording or sound-and-visual recording B. Reliance on the investigator's memory C. Reliance on notes taken by the investigator D. A handwritten and signed statement prepared by the witness
Most former prisoners are not likely to recidivate
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The border search exception allows searches at international borders without warrants or probable cause
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false