For the reaction Y->X at standard conditions with [Y] = 1 M and [X] = 1 M, ?G is initially a large negative number. As the reaction proceeds, [Y] decreases and [X] increases until the system reaches equilibrium
How do the values of ?G and ?G° change as the reaction equilibrates?
(a) ?G becomes less negative and ?G° stays the same.
(b) ?G becomes positive and ?G° becomes positive.
(c) ?G stays the same and ?G° becomes less negative.
(d) ?G reaches zero and ?G° becomes more negative.
(a)
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The two strands of a DNA molecule are ________; that is, they are oriented in opposite directions.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which statement about cloning vectors is false?
a. Bacteriophage cloning vectors can accommodate DNA fragments up to 23 kb. b. Cloning vectors are molecules capable of transporting a DNA fragment into a cell. c. Plasmid cloning vectors can accommodate DNA fragments up to 20 kb. d. Bacterial artificial chromosomes can accommodate fragments up to 200 mb. e. Cosmid cloning vectors combine the features of both bacteriophages and plasmids.
What causes fever?
A) Macrophages release pyrogens, which cause body temperature to increase. B) Complementary proteins coat the surfaces of microbes and cause an increase in their temperature. C) The activity of B cells and T cells causes the body to give off more heat. D) Damaged cells release histamine, which increases body temperature.
Uranium is a metallic element that is used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. The vast majority of uranium found on Earth is in the form of uranium-238, an isotope with a mass number of 238, while the uranium that is used for nuclear reactors and weapons is uranium-235, an isotope with a mass number of 235. What is the atomic difference between uranium-235 and uranium-238?
A. uranium-235 has three fewer protons than uranium-238 B. uranium-235 has three fewer neutrons than uranium-238. C. uranium-235 has three fewer electrons than uranium-238. D. uranium-235 has three fewer atoms than uranium-238.