Describe and diagram the carbon cycle. Include the terms photosynthesis; plant and animal respiration; soil
microorganism respiration; and decomposition. Indicate how human combustion activities upset the natural balance of the
carbon cycle. What will be an ideal response?
Photosynthesis provides a source of oxygen to the atmosphere. This oxygen is used for all
plant and animal respiration. The output of respiration is atmospheric carbon dioxide, which
is, in turn, taken up by plants for the process of photosynthesis.
Decomposition is accomplished by bacteria and other organisms such as saprophytes. This
process yields atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Human combustion activities that burn fossil fuels have produced an overabundance of
carbon dioxide, which is causing climate change.
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In eukaryotic cells, the oxidation of pyruvate occurs in:
A. the cytoplasm. B. the nucleus. C. the matrix of the mitochondria. D. the endoplasmic reticulum. E. vacuoles.
The function of the central vacuole in plants may include all of the following EXCEPT ____
a. protein synthesis b. storage of salts, sugars, and proteins c. enzymatic digestion d. storage of chemical defenses against pathogens e. storage of waste products
Hydrogen peroxide is used in the process of sterilizing instruments such as endoscopes.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
In knockout experiments,
a. genes are added to chromosomes. b. normal genes are replaced physically by mutated genes. c. genes are mutated or deleted to prevent their transcription or translation. d. mRNAs are prevented from attaching to ribosomes. e. the protein products of specific genes are inactivated.