What was the primary reason for the establishment of institutional review boards?
a. questionnaires administered that asked subjects to report on deviant sexual behaviors
b. research on juveniles that focuses on their treatment as adults by the criminal justice system
c. medical experimentation
d. personal interviews with prisoners asking them to describe crimes that were not known to the police
c
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Differences among racial and ethnic groups in incarceration rates:
a. are primarily due to bias in the criminal justice system. b. reflect group differences in social and economic advantage. c. have been eliminated in the United States. d. exist only in few countries.
One of the trends during the 1980s was the increase in secure confinement of drug offenders
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
According to the text, in order for a sex offender to be labeled as a sexually violent offender:
a. an evaluation by a mental health professional is required. b. a probable cause hearing is required. c. both of these choices. d. neither of these choices.
A police officer's ability to choose from among a number of alternative dispositions when handling a situation is called ________
A) discretion B) judgment C) prudence D) caution