Molecular clocks are usually calibrated based on

A. guesses about the rates of mutations in a particular gene.
B. observed rates of mutation in a particular gene.
C. the first shared common ancestor for species known from the fossil record.
D. comparing the gene to similar genes in other kingdoms.
E. the date when two species diverged from a common ancestor.


E. the date when two species diverged from a common ancestor.

Biology & Microbiology

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The specific parts of foreign proteins that the immune system recognizes and "remembers" are called ________

A) receptor sites B) binding sites C) antibody sites D) antigenic sites E) None of the above.

Biology & Microbiology

Normal human cells can go on dividing indefinitely

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following molecules serve as

inputs for the light-independent reactions?

a. H2O, ATP, and NADPH b. CO2, NADPH, and H2O c. CO2 and NADPH d. ATP, NADPH, H2O, and CO2 e. NADPH, ATP, and CO2

Biology & Microbiology

Four of the five choices listed below are

characteristic of meiosis. Select the exception. a. involves two divisions b. reduces the number of chromosomes c. results in producing genetically identical cells d. produces haploid cells e. involves pairing of homologous chromosomes

Biology & Microbiology