What process is illustrated in this diagram?
A) the spontaneous production of a particle and its antiparticle from energy
B) the deliberate production of a particle and its antiparticle by shining two flashlight beams at each other
C) the creation of antimatter from matter
D) quantum tunneling of two particles through an energy barrier
A) the spontaneous production of a particle and its antiparticle from energy
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At last, someplace fairly comfortable. Very weak gravity is holding you to the surface of the small object on which you sit. Your object is apparently moving away from a star, perhaps one that it orbits with a period of thousands of years
Around you, geysers are spouting gas into space. Looking back along the object's orbit, you see particles of dust that the geysers apparently blew off the object when it was nearer to the star that it is now leaving behind. You conclude that the geysers were recently much more active but are now settling down into a quiescent state that may last for millennia. You also soon realize that you are closer to home than you have been in all your previous journeys. Perhaps if you can somehow find a small rocket, a heat shield, and a good parachute, you can escape and head home for your final exam. Where are you? A) You are on an asteroid near the center of a galaxy, heading in toward a massive black hole. B) You have been shrunk in size and are riding a grain of interstellar dust that is carrying you on an orbit about our very own Sun. C) You are riding a jet of gas from a quasar that is headed in the direction of an ordinary star. D) You are on comet Hale-Bopp, circa May 1997. E) You are at Disneyland on the Moon, riding the new "wild and wet" roller coaster.
A satellite encircles Mars at a distance above its surface equal to 3 times the radius of Mars. The acceleration of gravity at the satellite, as compared to the acceleration of gravity on the surface of Mars, is
A) one-ninth as much. B) zero. C) the same. D) one-third as much. E) one-sixteenth as much.
Two kilograms of water at 1.00 atm at the boiling point of 100°C is heated until all the water vaporizes. What is its change in entropy? (For water, Lv = 2.26 × 10^6 J/kg)
a. 12,100 J/K c. 3030 J/K b. 6060 J/K d. 1220 J/K
Research has shown that Arctic plants are more injured by increased ultraviolet radiation than by global warming (see Ch. 17)
(77) The authors of the study say "there is a growing belief that ozone depletion is of only minor environmental concern because the impacts of UV-B radiation on plant communities are often very subtle. Here we show that 5 years of exposure of a subarctic heath to enhanced UV-B radiation both alone and in combination with elevated CO2 resulted in significant changes in the C:N ratio and in the bacterial community structure of the soil microbial biomass." What might this mean about the future Arctic ecology? Explain.