Esther is concerned about the influence of teratogens on her pregnancy. Name and describe for Esther the four general principles of teratogenic influences.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Esther should be aware of the four general principles of teratogenic influences: dose, genes, cumulative effects, and timing of exposure.
2. Dose refers to the concentration of a teratogen and the amount of time over which it has an effect on the organism. The higher the concentration and the longer the exposure, the greater the effect.
3. Genes affect the response of the embryo or fetus to teratogens. Some individuals are genetically more susceptible to certain teratogens, and some are genetically less susceptible.
4. Cumulative effects refer to the fact that exposure to multiple teratogens tends to produce a larger effect than exposure to just one teratogen.
5. Timing of exposure refers to a sensitive period of development during which the impact of a teratogen is greatest.
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A. assumptions; inferences B. hypothesis; conclusions C. assumptions; hypothesis D. hypothesis; assumptions
Gestalt psychology’s version of the transfer of training was called:
a. the identical-elements theory of transfer b. the law of Prägnanz c. transposition d. the constancy hypothesis
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a. chimpanzee c. elephant b. dog d. human
Studies that provide good information about causal relations between variables are high in:
A) restrictive validity B) construct validity C) external validity D) internal validity