The patient has been pushing for 2 hours and is exhausted. The physician is performing a vacuum extraction to assist the birth. Which finding is expected and normal?
1. The head is delivered after eight pulls during contractions.
2. A bruise is present on the occiput that does not cross the suture line.
3. The location of the vacuum is apparent on the fetal scalp after birth.
4. Positive pressure is applied by the vacuum extraction during contractions.
3
Rationale 1: Use of the vacuum extraction for eight contractions is too many, and can damage the fetal head.
Rationale 2: This is a cephalhematoma, a complication of vacuum extraction birth.
Rationale 3: Caput in the shape of the vacuum cup is usually present immediately after birth, and resolves in 2–3 days.
Rationale 4: Negative pressure is suction, which is needed to facilitate the birth.
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