Which of the following accurately describes compensation for acid-base disorders?
a. Kidneys take hours to days to compensate for respiratory disorders.
b. Lungs take hours to days to compensate for metabolic disorders.
c. Renal compensation is always complete.
d. Respiratory compensation is always com-plete.
ANS: A
The lungs normally compensate quickly for metabolic acid-base defects because ventilation can change the PaCO2 within seconds. The kidneys require more time to retain or excrete significant amounts of HCO3–, and thus compensate for respiratory defects at a much slower pace.
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