Which of the following lab results confirm the client has developed an acute-phase inflammatory response? Select all that apply
A) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 175 mm/h (high).
B) Red blood cell count (RBC) 3.11 cells/?L (low).
C) Leukocytes (WBC) 18.7 cells/?L (high).
D) C-reactive protein (CRP) 10.0 mg/L (high).
E) Fibrinogen level 1.5 g/L (normal).
Ans: A, C, D
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During the acute-phase response, the liver dramatically increases the synthesis of acute-phase proteins such as fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) that serve several different defense functions. The synthesis of these proteins is stimulated by cytokines, especially TNF-?, IL-1 (for SAA), and IL-6 (for fibrinogen and CRP). The accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) that occurs in disease conditions is characterized by the systemic inflammatory response. Leukocytosis, or the increase in white blood cells, is a frequent sign of an inflammatory response, especially those caused by bacterial infection. In acute inflammatory conditions, the white blood cell count commonly increases from a normal value of 4000 to 10,000 cells/?L.
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