How did Europeans justify the use of African and Indian slavery?
What will be an ideal response?
Europeans used several methods to rationalize the enslavement of others, but Africans specifically. Upon arrival to the Americas, the Spanish enslaved "Indians" for labor, but began to debate the use of the native population, because Spain in particular had employed a justification of spreading Catholicism. If the indigenous population were Catholic, they were unable to justify it because they would be enslaving Christians, which was not permitted. Bartolomé de las Casas began to publicize the plight of the indigenous people who were characterized as "bad Indians" to justify enslavement, according to Aristotle's theory of "natural slaves." As long as a given population could be demonized as "other," slavery could be justified. De las Casas was perturbed enough that he persuaded Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to issue the New Laws for the Indies to stop the abuse of the indigenous populations in the Americas, but it was difficult to enforce from afar. Portugal gained dominion over the Eastern "half" of the world via the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 which included Africa. Inter-tribal wars within Africa yielded an internal slave trade, but the Portuguese furthered this by utilizing a plantation economy in the sugar trade, and utilized African slaves who were used to agricultural work. The Portuguese and Spanish both employed the stereotypes previously carried by Muslim traders in sub-Saharan Africa that demonized Africans as non-European, and therefore subject to enslavement as non-Christians and non-White.
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The premiership of Nikita Khrushchev marked a(n) ________ relative to the policies under Joseph Stalin
A) radical shift B) reversal C) change in direction D) acceleration
Some Catholic priests joined with some Protestant congregations in a. taking a stand against homosexuality
b. fighting for passage of Title IX. c. providing sanctuary to undocumented refugees from Latin America. d. supporting Pat Robertson for president. e. advocating for stricter immigration laws.
Examining the treatment of their subjects by the Islamic rulers, one would note that
a. Jews and Christians could testify in court against a Muslim. b. Jews, but not Christians, were considered protected groups. c. generally, the Islamic people had a policy of persecution of other faiths. d. Jews were victimized by nasty stereotypes and caricatures. e. Christians and Jews had to pay a special tax.
The chapter introduction tells the story of the Panama Canal to make the point that
A. the United States deliberately differed from European powers in the way they exercised influence abroad. B. the United States followed a pattern of arbitrary intervention in Latin America. C. progressives were increasingly willing to flex American muscle to shape the world order. D. Roosevelt took the canal.