Real microprocessors operate in time slots of a given duration (i.e., an integer multiple of the clock period). For example, if the clock has a speed of 100 MHz, the clock cycle time is 10 ns and all operations must take an integer number of 10 ns units. The following data gives the clock cycle time of a processor, tcyc, and the access time of the main memory tm (including all overheads such as address decoding). In each case, calculate the actual time required to access the memory.
a. tcyc = 20 ns, tm = 75 ns
b. tcyc = 10 ns, tm = 75 ns
c. tcyc = 50 ns, tm = 100 ns
d. tcyc = 50 ns, tm = 105 ns
The effective memory time is the next integer number equal to or higher than the memory access time. In case (d)
the memory access time is 105 ns and it just misses two cycles. It’s necessary to wait another 45 ns to bring the
time to 150 ns in three clock cycles.
a. tcyc = 20 ns, tm = 75 ns teffective = 80 ns
b. tcyc = 10 ns, tm = 75 ns teffective = 80 ns
c. tcyc = 50 ns, tm = 100 ns teffective = 100 ns
d. tcyc = 50 ns, tm = 105 ns teffective = 150 ns
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