William James, the father of American psychology, once wrote: "Thinking is for doing." What did he mean by this?
a. The human brain probably developed its current cognitive abilities in large part to enable effective decision-making and to facilitate behavior.
b. People typically engage in conscious thought only when engaged in a task (e.g., only when solving a puzzle, trying to construct an argument, or making a decision about something).
c. Every behavior that a person engages in implies a particular thought or set of thoughts; researchers can therefore infer thoughts from behaviors.
d. Because the primary role of thoughts is simply to plan behaviors, the proper focus of study for psychologists is behaviors themselves (and not thoughts).
A
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Which of the following terms is correct in context with "conception within the rat's mind of the maze's layout"?
A. Cognitive mapping B. Paradigm shift C. Classical conditioning D. Behaviorism
Development's capacity to be malleable or changeable is called ______.
A. conditioning B. cognition C. plasticity D. resilience
Callie has just entered a stage of development marked by a profound shift in her thinking processes. Vygotsky would note that this has occurred because Callie now ________.
A. is preoperational B. builds scaffolds C. utilizes words D. understands seriation
The worst that happens when hypnosis is used as an aid to memory in solving a crime is that
a. the subject is not susceptible to hypnotic suggestion. b. hypnotized witnesses lack confidence in their memories when they testify. c. testimony based on hypnotic induction is not believed by juries. d. additional memories are produced that are largely false.