Describe how the Neanderthals' survival as a species was affected by their ability to withstand cold weather, and how they may have died out according to Ian Gilligan's theory
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The ideal answer will include:
1. Neanderthals were morphologically suited for cold weather with short limbs and wide bodies.
2. Cultural adaptations to withstand cold temperatures included cave dwellings and fire.
3. Stone tools from Neanderthal sites suggest the ability to make basic clothing.
4. Ian Gilligan proposes that they may have died out because they did not meet the challenge of increasingly cold temperatures by developing fitted or more sophisticated clothing.
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In the U.S. throughout history there have been massacres of Native Americans. This is an example of
a. forced assimilation. b. passive assimilation. c. ethnic cleansing. d. ethnic accommodation.
The Incan Empire was governed by a political state. Each of the following is true of the Incan state government EXCEPT it
a. organized land and labor by levying a tax on production. b. effectively integrated a large population into a political unit. c. conducted a periodic census. d. did not have a writing system for communication or a monetary system for exchange.
Which of these societies would fit the anthropological definition of a chiefdom?
A) a large population over many communities, all under the authority of a centralized government B) a society in which a political official has authority over several communities C) a medium-sized village led by a council of elders and respected leaders of the community D) a small village with relatively egalitarian divisions of labor and power
Which of the following claims could be considered evidence that differences between boy and girl babies are the product of cultural construction and not biology?
A) Boy babies weigh more at birth and cry more because of increased stress associated with their birth. B) Boy babies cry more because they are more aggressive. C) Girl babies smile more because they are less aggressive. D) Girl babies smile more because caretakers tend to smile at them more.