A study examines the careers of hospital nurses who opt for retirement before the age of 55, examining their education, work shift, and final work area, and the religion in which they were raised. This is an example of which type of study?
a. Prospective cohort
b. Retrospective cohort
c. Population-based
d. Cost-effectiveness analysis
ANS: B
A retrospective cohort study is an epidemiological study in which the researcher identifies a group of people who have experienced a particular event. A prospective cohort study is an epidemiological study in which a group of people are identified who are at risk for experiencing a particular event. In a population-based study, all cases of a condition occurring in the defined population are included, rather than only patients treated at a particular facility, because the latter could introduce a selection bias. Conditions must be studied in the context of the patient's community rather than of the medical system. With this method, all cases of a condition occurring in the defined population are included, rather than only patients treated at a particular health care facility, because the latter could introduce a selection bias. Cost-effectiveness analyses compare different ways of accomplishing a clinical goal, such as diagnosing a condition, treating an illness, or providing a service.
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