Who is considered the “Father of Probation”?

a. Gresham Sykes
b. John Augustus
c. Francis Cullen
d. Cesare Beccaria


b. John Augustus

Criminal Justice

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Laws and policies that consider the _______ of addiction often take into account an approach that includes a public health aspect as well as the possible decriminalization of certain drugs

a. science b. theory c. hypothesis d. philosophy

Criminal Justice

The civil unrest provoked by the shooting forced our nation to confront head on the issue of race and ______.

a. policing b. education c. employment d. living conditions

Criminal Justice

In order to measure violent victimizations, the NCVS uses

A) Vague questions to get the best possible range of answers B) Screening questions to get the most relevant respondents to which questions will apply C) Filtering questions to ask nonrelated items of respondents D) All of the above

Criminal Justice

Police unions are predominantly local organizations that bargain and communicate with the local police department and the mayor or chief's office

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice