What is the role of the brain in producing the fight-or-flight stress response? Select all that apply
a. The medulla oblongata increases heart rate.
b. Blood flow is increased by the medulla oblongata.
c. The hypothalamus is stimulated via the limbic area.
d. The reticular formation coordinates the brain's sensory and motor tracks.
e. Adrenocorticotropic hormone production is increased in the hypothalamus.
ANS: A, B, C, D
The brain (specifically the medulla oblongata) is responsible for the heart rate, the blood pressure rate, and the respiration rate. When a stressor is detected, the autonomic nervous system tells the medulla oblongata to increase the blood flow to certain organs (e.g., the mus-cles) to allow the individual to prepare for fight-or-flight. The brain receives an increase in oxygenated blood to increase awareness and the ability to think and respond to the stressor. The blood in the brain has an increase in glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrine to assist the individual with reacting to the stressor. The reticular formation supports the coordination of the sensory and motor tract of the individual's brain. This provides the individual with the ability to fight or flee. The limbic area of the brain communicates with the hypothalamus that the stress is occurring. The pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone which stim-ulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol.
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