Highly coordinated children are picked out at an early age by coaches and given special opportunities to excel at sports. Introverted children avoid frequent social situations and become unusually comfortable spending time alone. Both of these phenomena illustrate __________.
A. the power of the phenotype over the genotype
B. genotype-environment correlations
C. the polygenic effect of chromosomes on behavior
D. how the environment shapes one's genetic endowment
Answer: B
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Psychologists who take an evolutionary view argue that natural selection favors behaviors that maximize an individual's
a. self-actualization. b. acquisition of territory. c. reproductive success. d. material wealth.
The earliest change of sexual maturation in boys is
a. enlargement of the testes. b. girls' new social interest in dating boys. c. deepening of the voice. d. growth of facial hair and the beard.
A student would like to change his study habits by applying what he knows about reinforcement contingencies to his routines. He has written down the basic rules that he plans to follow. All of the student's rules are correct EXCEPT for which one?
a. Carefully define the specific behavior you would like to change. b. Make sure reinforcement is not contingent on the behavior you want to occur. c. Define the discriminative stimuli that will control the behavior you want. d. Try to extinguish your inappropriate behaviors.
Contextual variables that aid recollection are termed
a. mnemonics. b. retrieval cues. c. contextual registers. d. memory aids. e. anterograde pointers.