A boy is pestering his mother for candy in the grocery store, whining for ten minutes and saying things like, "I want candy! Please? Just this once! Oh, come on, Mom, please?" His mother ignores him for ten minutes, but finally gives in and says
, "Oh, all right. Here it is. Just stop whining!" If the boy engages in more whining in the future, and the mother gives in even more easily, which of the following would apply to the mother?
A) Negative punishment
B) Positive punishment
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Positive reinforcement
C
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School refusal
a. is always due to separation anxiety disorder. b. may be due to high parental expectations or problems with classmates. c. is best remedied by changing the child's school. d. is an irrational fear.
Bruce has problems hearing the difference between "ba, da, and pa." What is a neurological explanation for his dyslexia?
A. His word analyzer is overanalyzing the individual letters of a word. B. He has defective neural wiring between the phoneme producer, word analyzer, and automatic detector. C. Bruce has damage in the visual cortex. D. Bruce has brain damage in the thalamus.
Which of the following pattern of results of a nonequivalent control group design is generally interpretable?
a. The control and experimental groups are equal in the pretest, but unequal in the posttest. b. The control group is higher than the experimental group on both pretest and posttest, but the experimental group increases more. c. The experimental group is higher than the control group on both pretest and posttest, but the experimental group increases more. d. Any pattern in which the experimental group changes more than the control group from pretest to posttest.
When interpreting the results of an experiment, we first consider the possibility that the results are due to ____, then second, to ____, and then third, to ____
a. independent variable; chance; unknown factor b. unknown factor; independent variable; confounding variable c. chance; unknown factor; independent variable d. Type I variable; Type II variable; independent variable