The clinic nurse encourages paternal attachment during pregnancy by including the father in (select all that apply):
a. Prenatal visits
b. Ultrasound appointments
c. Prenatal class information
d. History taking and obtaining prenatal screening information
ANS: b, c, d
Pregnancy is psychologically stressful for men; some enjoy the role of nurturer, but others feel alienated and begin to stray from the relationship. The nurse can be instrumental in promoting early paternal attachment. Involvement of the father during examinations and tests and prenatal classes, along with thorough explanations of the need for them, can minimize the father's feelings of being left out. A history and prenatal screening should be conducted at the first prenatal visit with the woman alone to ensure confidentiality and an open discussion of any problems or concerns she may have. The history should include information about the current pregnancy; the obstetric and gynecologic history; and a cultural assessment, and a medical, nutritional, social, and family (including the father's) medical history.
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