A patient is brought to the emergency department after being involved in a drive-by shooting
Which physiological changes associated with the alarm stage would make it difficult to assess this patient for injury? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. The patient's heart rate will be elevated.
2. The patient's blood glucose will be elevated.
3. The patient's urine output will be decreased.
4. The patient's bowel sounds will be hyperactive.
5. The patient's systolic blood pressure will be low.
1,2,3
Rationale 1: The patient's heart rate will be elevated in the alarm stage. This elevation could be misinterpreted as a sign of hypovolemia.
Rationale 2: The fight-or-flight response in the alarm stage increases blood glucose so that more energy will be available. This increase could be misinterpreted as indicating diabetes.
Rationale 3: Constriction of blood vessels in the kidneys serves to provide more blood to essential organs such as the brain and muscles. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys results in decreased urine output.
Rationale 4: The alarm stage is characterized by decreased secretion by digestive glands and decreased peristalsis. Bowel sounds decrease. This may be misinterpreted as indicating bowel damage.
Rationale 5: Fight-or-flight in the alarm state results in increased systolic blood pressure.
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