How did the empires of the Liao, Jin, and Tanggut in northern and Central Asia differ from Song China?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
The principal difference between the competing states in the north and Song China was that the Liao, Jin, and Tangguts were nomadic peoples. Their languages, cultures, and political structures had to coexist alongside those of the agriculturalists in their midst. The rulers acknowledged the various economies and social structures of these peoples and did not impose a single elite culture. Instead, they encouraged the Chinese to study their own language and to view the emperor through Confucian philosophy, and they encouraged other peoples to see the emperor as a champion of Buddhism or a nomadic leader. The result was that Buddhism was more powerful than Confucianism in the northern states. Northern rulers depended on their roles as Buddhist kings to legitimate their power.
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