Just as health and health behavior are affected by internal and external variables, so are illness and illness behavior. Which external variables can affect illness and behavior? (Select all that apply.)
a. Perception of the seriousness of the illness
b. Patient's coping skills
c. Cultural background
d. Social support
e. Socioeconomic status
ANS: C, D, E
External variables influencing a patient's illness behavior include the visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economic variables, accessibility of the health care system, and social support. Internal variables include the patient's perceptions of symptoms and the nature of the illness, as well as the patient's coping skills and locus of control.
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