Maria wishes to show that exercise increases the positivity of individuals’ moods. What type of research design should she employ and why?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Varies.
Maria hopes to show a causal effect and thus an experimental design should be employed. If Maria is expecting exercise to have an effect on mood, exercising must precede mood change. This rules out the possibility that mood is having an effect on exercise. She then needs to show that exercise and mood vary together: when the cause is present, the effect occurs and when it is absent the effect does not occur. This covariation of the cause and effect is necessary to show the connection between exercise and mood. Finally, Maria will wish to rule out alternative explanations for her result. If a third variable is varying with her independent variable, it can be a confound if it influences the dependent variable. She should do her best to control for extraneous variables that may explain her results.
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