This person conceptualized cognitive development into four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations

a. Kohlberg
b. Piaget
c. Erikson
d. Elkind


b

Counseling

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The ACA Code of Ethics states, “In reporting assessment results, counselors indicate reservations that exist regarding validity or reliability due to the circumstances of the assessment or the inappropriateness of the norms for the person tested.” This means that

a. counselors are ultimately responsible for the accuracy of the assessment results. b. counselors validate and supplement all scores and interpretation with multiple sources of information. c. Counselors ultimately serve the best interests of the client and must make every effort to ensure that their services are used appropriately. d. All of the above.

Counseling

In defining the problem in crisis intervention, the major focus is on understanding the major personality constructs of the person. (p. 97)

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Counseling

Occasionally, when a structural therapist is having extreme difficulty realigning a hierarchy in a family or a particular family member is being scapegoated, the therapist might use which of the following interventions?

a. Boundary making b. Challenging the family’s worldview c. Reframing d. Unbalancing

Counseling

In operant conditioning, positive punishment is defined as:

a. rewarding desired behaviors by adding something desirable (e.g., a treat). b. reducing undesirable behavior by adding something undesirable (e.g., assigning extra chores). c. rewarding desired behaviors by removing something undesirable (e.g., relaxing curfew). d. reducing undesirable behavior by removing something desirable (e.g., grounding).

Counseling