In what phase of clinical trials are animals used?

A) Preclinical testing
B) Phase I
C) Phase II
D) Phase III
E) Post launch


A

Biology & Microbiology

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What unit is isotopic fractionation reported as?

A) parts per billion B) parts per million C) parts per thousand D) parts per trillion

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The enzyme that HIV uses to copy its RNA into DNA is

A. RNA integrase. B. transcriptase. C. reverse transcriptase. D. DNA polymerase. E. RNA polymerase.

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__________ species of many plants (and a few animals) originated by chromosome doublings and

hybridizations. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

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In an experiment to track the movement of growth factor molecules from secretion to the point of receptor binding in a particular species of mammal, a student found a 20-fold reduction in mm traveled when in the presence of an adrenal hormone. This is in part attributable to which of the following?

A) The growth factor is a paracrine signal. B) The growth factor depends on osmosis. C) The mammal only carries growth factor through the lymph. D) The growth factor is an exocrine signal. E) The growth factor is an endocrine signal.

Biology & Microbiology