A patient says, "There are so many kinds of bacteria. How does my body know which ones to kill and how to kill them?" What would be the nurse's most accurate response?
1. "The alkaline environment in the stomach kills any bacteria you might swallow on food or in drinks.".
2. "Chemicals on the skin kill many of the bacteria from the environment.".
3. "Special white blood cells called toll cells help your body identify disease-causing bacteria.".
4. "Your mucous membranes help to filter out and kill bacteria.".
4
Rationale 1: The ideal stomach pH is acidic, not alkaline.
Rationale 2: The major action of the skin is to act as a barrier to bacteria rather than to kill them.
Rationale 3: Toll receptors are proteins on the surface of many types of immune and tissue cells. They initiate immune responses.
Rationale 4: Mucous membranes remove dirt and debris from the body. Mucous membranes in the mouth secrete lysozymes and immunoglobulins that are mildly antibiotic.
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The nurse encourages clients to eat a variety of inorganic nutrients because their function is to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. decrease body tissue d. transport materials b. promote bone formation e. conduct nerve impulses c. a medium for chemical reactions
What is the name of the transparent membrane covering the lungs?
a. alveolar capillary membrane c. pleura b. pericardium d. viscera
Herbal oils and plant matter are:
A) Appropriate treatment for any condition B) All-natural and thus much safer than any other treatment C) Potentially toxic and can cause allergic reactions D) Most effective when used in personal care products
During an assessment, the nurse notes the anterior fontanel of a 5 month old is open. This finding:
1. Is abnormal, and the doctor should be immediately notified. 2. Is abnormal at this age, and a head circumference should be done prior to calling the doctor. 3. Is normal at this age. 4. Is normal and should close by the age of two.