When objective and subjective data about a client's pain are in conflict, which report should the nurse consider to be the primary source?
a. objective data
b. subjective data
c. combination of objective and subjective
d. objective data and reports of family members
B
A nurse should obtain subjective data about the client's pain, including the client's own description of the pain; its location (where pain occurs); onset and duration (when pain began, how long it has existed, and any pain patterns); quality (what the pain feels like); intensity (how severe the pain is); aggravating and alleviating factors (things that increase or decrease the pain); factors accompanying the pain (impact on daily activities such as sleep and nutrition); and the meaning of pain to the client.
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Which measures used to test reliability are specific for equivalence? (Select all that apply.)
a. Test-retest reliability b. Item-to-total correlation c. Parallel or alternate form d. Split-half reliability e. Kuder-Richardson coefficient f. Cronbach's alpha g. Interrater reliability
Nurses who are empowered at the personal level are likely to manifest which of the following?
a. Superiority over others b. High level of self-awareness and self-confidence c. Self-confidence and disapproval of others d. Dissatisfaction with the job but satisfaction with personal life