A nurse documents the following on a client chart: "client manifests difficulties with spatial orientation, memory language, and changes in personality." What state of arousal/awareness does this describe?
A) Delirium
B) Dementia
C) Confusion
D) Locked-in syndrome
Ans: A
Difficulties with spatial orientation, memory, language, and changes in personality occur with delirium. Disorientation, restlessness, confusion, hallucinations, and agitation, alternating with other conscious states, occurs with dementia. In confusion, the client manifests reduced awareness, is easily distracted, easily startled by sensory stimuli, and alternates between drowsiness and excitability. In locked-in syndrome, the client displays full consciousness, sleep–wake cycles are present, and auditory and visual function and emotions are preserved.
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