What is the history of biological theory in contemporary criminology?
What will be an ideal response?
Many of the early biological theories focused on criminal anthropology. Notable among these are Franz Joseph Gall's theory of phrenology and Cesare Lombroso's theory of atavism. Constitutional theories focused on offenders' body types, genetics, or external observable physical characteristics to explain criminality. This perspective was primarily associated with Ernst Kretschmer and William H. Sheldon. Other early criminal anthropologists focused on criminal families, or families that appeared to exhibit criminal tendencies through several generations. This area included the studies of the Jukes and Kallikak families and contributed to the development of eugenic criminology in the 1920s and 1930s
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Which of the following is an example of environmental crime?
a. The cover-up of research findings about asbestos-caused diseases by several of the largest asbestos producers in the United States b. The nationwide savings and loan disaster in the 1980s involving personal appropriation of funds by institutional executives c. The dumping of 11 million gallons of crude oil off the coast of Alaska by Exxon's Valdez supertanker d. The class action suit against makers and sellers of silicone gel breast implants
DNA analysts are able to examine samples containing as few as _____ cells for an STR profile
a. 18 b. 36 c. 180 d. 800
According to Messner and Rosenfeld, institutional ______ cause(s) high crime rates.
A. checks and balances B. ineffectiveness C. power imbalances D. stagnation
This case ruled that a prosecutor may warn that refusing a guilty plea would result in a harsher sentence
a. Boykin v. Alabama (1969) b. Missouri v Frye (2012) c. NC v. Alford (1970) d. Ricketts v. Adamson (1987) e. Bordenkircher v. Hayes (1978)