The nurse working on the labor and delivery unit has noticed how differently each client responds to the pain associated with labor. Which reasons does the nurse attribute to these various responses to pain?
Select all that apply.
1. Ethnic and cultural values
2. Developmental stage
3. Past experience with pain
4. Physiological functioning of the brain
5. Meaning of pain
Correct Answer: 1,2,3,5
Clients with different ethnic and cultural values are socialized to respond to pain in different manners. The developmental stage determines the client's ability to cope and report the pain. Past experience, including the effectiveness of the treatment plan in the past, with pain will have an impact on how the client deals with pain. Pain has different meaning to different clients, with some clients believing it is a punishment from a higher power or an opportunity to show how strong they are. Physiological functioning affects how pain is felt but does not affect the pain experience.
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