Oral infections with herpes simplex virus 1 can lie dormant in nerve cells for years, and when a patient becomes stressed, the virus is released, forming cold sores on the lips. While lying dormant the virus is in which of the following states?
a. Lysogenic
b. Symptomatic
c. Latent
d. Replicative
e. Infective
Answer: c. Latent
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Recognizing pathogens that contain multiple unique proteins which enable the human immune system to recognize just one and mount an effective response has opened the door on development of some vaccines only being
A) attenuated carrier viruses. B) monovalent. C) subunit vaccines. D) purified protein administered.
Drugs that target the plasma membrane are able to do so because
A. they contain a lipid part that enables them to act as a detergent. B. they are able to denature the membrane-associated proteins, creating pores thereby disrupting the integrity. C. they act as enzymes to break down the phospholipids. D. they target the phosphate group on the phospholipids, breaking down the bilayer.
In prokaryote genetics, Conjugation can be defined as the:
A. Direct transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another B. Use of a bacteriophage (bacterial virus) to transfer DNA between cells C. Naked DNA is taken up from the environment by bacterial cells D. Frameshift mutation
All of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness EXCEPT
A) toxins. B) capsules. C) cell wall components. D) hyaluronidase. E) coagulases.