Searching for studies in the grey literature represents a reviewer's effort to do which of the following? Select all that apply
A) Counteract the effect of biases against the null hypothesis
B) Increase sample size and therefore have a more comprehensive evidence base
C) Minimize the risk of publication bias
D) Include only published, peer-reviewed studies
A, B, C
Feedback:
There is no consensus on whether integrations should include the grey literature—i.e., unpublished reports; in quantitative studies, a concern is that there is a bias against the null hypothesis, a publication bias stemming from the underrepresentation of nonsignificant findings in the published reports. On the other hand, some people avoid the grey literature and restrict their sample to reports in peer-reviewed journals, arguing that the peer review system is an important, tried-and-true screen for findings worthy of consideration as evidence.
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