Describe the differences between mastery models and coping models
What will be an ideal response?
MASTERY MODEL: One that seems to be completely without fear in dealing with what the person in therapy fears. It works through vicarious extinction of the conditioned fear response, as the observer sees that the model experiences no distress.
COPING MODEL: One that initially seems fearful, but overcomes the fear and eventually can handle the situation. Its effect presumably depends on the fact that the model is in the same situation as the observer but is (noticeably) able to overcome the fear by active coping efforts.
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Which of the following is true of depression?
a) Depression is a rare disorder that affects a miniscule percentage of the worldwide population. b) Unlike schizophrenia, rates of depression remains constant from culture to culture. c) The incidence of depression decreases dramatically around the time of puberty. d) Women are more likely to experience depression than men.
Regarding escape and avoidance learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Avoidance learning involves both classical and operant conditioning. b. Once avoidance is learned, it is very persistent. c. Once the individual avoids the event, he or she gets no information to change his or her expectancy. d. Escape learning reflects the operation of response cost.
Which of the following causes a decline in both prospective and retrospective memory?
a. aging c. depression b. lack of motivation d. all of these
Derek likes to bully his little brother Matt. Their mother begins to give Derek the mild punishment of a stern look every time Derek hits Matt. This is sufficient to stop Derek's bullying, and in time,
Derek stops bullying Matt even when his mother is not around. According to theories of insufficient punishment, why might this happen? a. Because there was sufficient external justification for resisting, Derek began to devalue the forbidden activity. b. Because there was sufficient external justification for resisting, Derek began to place greater value on his relationship with his brother. c. Because there was insufficient external justification for resisting, Derek began to devalue the forbidden activity. d. Because there was insufficient external justification for resisting, Derek began to place greater value on his relationship with his brother.