Maria is a sedentary, 68-year-old woman who is overweight. She complains that her hands and feet are always cold and she tires quickly when cleaning the house
At her most recent visit to her doctor, her blood pressure was 184/98 mm Hg. She has edema around her ankles and legs, and her physician is concerned about an echocardiogram that indicates Maria has an enlarged heart
Identify two reasons why Maria will have tissue ischemia. How might this lead to hypoxia?
What are the two early and reversible changes that occur to tissue cells when they are hypoxic?
What specific type of cellular adaptation has taken place in Maria's enlarged heart? What made you come to this conclusion?
Maria's tissue ischemia is a result of impaired circulation and her edema. In this situation, the tissue hypoxia results from the inability of oxygenated blood to reach the tissue cells.
Two early and reversible cellular changes seen with hypoxia are the following:
Anaerobic metabolism and the production of lactic acid
The failure of Na+/K+ pumps resulting in cellular swelling
Adaptive pathologic hypertrophy. Hypertrophy occurs instead of hyperplasia in the heart because muscle fibers are unable to undergo mitotic division.
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